Vol. 8, Special Issue 7 (2025)
Abstract
This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the trends in area, production, and productivity of fruit crops in Himachal Pradesh over a 53-year period (1970-71 to 2022-23), utilizing a detailed dataset covering five fruit categories: apples, other temperate fruits, nuts and dry fruits, citrus, and other subtropical fruits. The total cultivated area expanded by 433%, from 44,329 hectares to 236,466 hectares, while production surged by 448%, from 148,580 metric tons (MT) to 814,611 MT. Apples dominate, contributing 82.5% of production in 2022-23, driven by favorable agro-climatic conditions and policy support. However, productivity exhibits high variability (e.g., apples: CV = 47.2%), influenced by climatic anomalies, pest pressures, and technological adoption. The adoption of natural farming, organic farming, canopy management, pollination management, integrated nutrient management (INM), and integrated pest management (IPM) has significantly enhanced productivity, while their absence exacerbates yield declines due to soil degradation, pest damage, and poor pollination. Statistical analyses, including linear regression, time-series decomposition, and variance analysis, reveal significant growth trends (p<0.05) and cyclical patterns linked to environmental and management factors. The study underscores the need for sustainable practices, such as climate-resilient varieties, precision agriculture, and enhanced irrigation, to ensure long-term productivity and resilience. These findings offer critical insights for policymakers, researchers, and farmers aiming to strengthen Himachal Pradesh’s horticultural sector and promote sustainable development.
