Next-gen farming: A comprehensive review of AI applications in sustainable Indian agriculture

Agriculture remains a central pillar of India’s economy, with around 55% of the population dependent on it for their livelihood (FAO, 2023). However, the sector faces persistent challenges including climate change, a growing population, and pressures on food security (World Bank, 2022). Artificial Intelligence (AI) offers transformative solutions by providing farmers with timely information on crops, land, weather and pests, thereby enhancing productivity and income. The platforms such as Kisan e-Mitra and AI-powered chatbots are providing farmers with timely information on government schemes and agricultural practices, while the National Pest Surveillance System employs AI to monitor and manage pest outbreaks, thereby safeguarding crops and enhancing food security. A case-study have been examined and revealed that the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in enhancing agricultural extension services in developing countries. However, challenges like data quality, accessibility, and ethical considerations must be addressed to fully realize AI’s potential in agriculture. In India, AI technologies are transforming agriculture by addressing challenges like labour shortages, climate variability and inefficient resource utilization. AI-powered tools assist farmers in making informed decisions regarding sowing times, irrigation schedules and pest management. These solutions have led to increased crop yields, reduced input costs, and enhanced resilience to climatic stresses, contributing to the modernization and sustainability of Indian agriculture.