2025, Vol. 8, Special Issue 3

author(s)
Kulbir Singh and Harmohan Yadav

abstract
Conventional chemical fertilizers, notably urea, have long been employed globally to meet the increasing demands for food production. However, the use of conventional urea has raised environmental concerns, including nitrate leaching, global warming, ozone layer depletion, and groundwater pollution. As the global population grows and arable land diminishes, the demand for chemical fertilizers, particularly nitrogen intensifies. Nano-fertilizers, characterized by nano-dimensions and slow-release properties, offer a potential solution. They serve as efficient nutrient carriers, minimizing losses through leaching and emissions. Nano-urea, developed by IFFCO, stands out with nanometer-sized particles, prolonged shelf-life, andreduced environmental impact. Its adoption holds promise for sustainable agriculture, reducing agro-chemical use and enhancing soil health. Comparing nano-urea to conventional urea reveals higher efficiency, reduced environmental impact, controlled nutrient supply, and economic benefits. The Indian Agricultural Research Institute's experiment revealed that basal nitrogen application at 75% with prilled urea, full phosphorus and potassium, and nano-urea + nano-Zn sprays achieved yields comparable to 100% N + full P and K doses. Embracing energy-efficient novel fertilizers, such as nano-fertilizers, is crucial for achieving sustainable agriculture and meeting global food demands while mitigating environmental impacts.