An overview of integrated farming systems and their role in enhancing farm productivity

The present study was conducted to evaluate the adoption, performance, and sustainability of Integrated Farming Systems (IFS) among farmers across seven districts of Punjab. A total of 48 farmers were surveyed using a structured questionnaire covering socio-economic profile, landholding, IFS components, marketing, and challenges. The results revealed that 75% of the respondents practiced crop-livestock integration, making it the most common and profitable combination due to its contribution to nutrient recycling and regular income generation. A smaller proportion of farmers diversified into poultry (6.25%), horticulture (8%), and aquaculture (2%), indicating a gradual shift toward multi-enterprise farming. The findings also showed that larger and better-resourced farmers adopted more diversified systems, while smallholders remained crop-dependent due to limited resources and technical knowledge. Major constraints identified were high input costs, lack of training, and poor market linkages. Overall, the study highlights that IFS enhances farm productivity, income, and resource-use efficiency while maintaining ecological balance. Strengthening farmer capacity, infrastructure, and institutional support can promote wider adoption, ensuring sustainable and resilient agriculture in Punjab.