Gross anatomical and biometrical studies of the uterine body during different phases of estrus cycle in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)

A gross anatomical and biometric investigation was undertaken to analyze the buffalo uterus at various stages of the estrus cycle. A discernible escalation in uterine tone was observed a few days prior to the commencement of estrus, reaching its peak during proestrus and estrus, and subsequently subsiding post-estrus. The average length of the uterine body exhibited variations during proestrus (1.67±0.08 cm), estrus (1.86±0.09 cm), metestrus (1.65±0.07 cm), diestrus (1.68±0.08 cm), anestrus (1.68±0.04 cm), and early pregnancy (1.65±0.08 cm). Likewise, the average diameter of the cervix demonstrated fluctuations across different phases: proestrus (4.85±0.13 cm), estrus (4.80±0.08 cm), metestrus (4.92±0.21 cm), diestrus (5.33±0.18 cm), anestrus (5.19±0.24 cm), and early pregnancy (5.74±0.34 cm). Concurrently, the average circumference of the cervix displayed variations during proestrus (17.70±0.24 cm), estrus (18.09±0.27 cm), metestrus (17.72±0.28 cm), diestrus (17.93±0.37 cm), anestrus (17.18±0.32 cm), and early pregnancy (17.82±0.56 cm). This research contributes valuable insights into the dynamic anatomical changes in the buffalo uterus throughout the estrus cycle.