Rupnagar district in Punjab reflects the socio-economic and cultural dynamics of rural northern India, characterized by a diverse population engaged primarily in agriculture. This study examines five villages-Dhainpura, Kakrali, Dhangrali, Dhanauri, and Khairpur focusing on demographic patterns, economic practices, and social structures. Utilizing structured questionnaires, data was collected from 100 farmers to analyze factors such as landholding, education, and migration. Findings reveal significant challenges, including declining agricultural productivity, reliance on monoculture, and infrastructural deficiencies. While some farmers are adopting sustainable practices, many still face barriers to modern agricultural methods. The study highlights the need for targeted interventions to enhance rural development and improve living standards.
