Molecular characterization of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes using PCR-based grain softness markers

This study was undertaken to characterize grain softness traits in a set of 25 wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes, which included 22 mutant lines, along with two known soft-textured varieties, Phule Satwik and Pusa Baker. To achieve this, PCR-based molecular markers specific to the puroindoline genes (Pina-D1 and Pinb-D1) were employed, as these loci are well-established determinants of grain hardness in wheat. The marker analysis confirmed the presence of wild-type alleles associated with soft grain texture in the majority of the mutant lines, as well as in the check soft-textured varieties Phule Satwik and Pusa Baker. These results underscore the existence of valuable genetic variation that directly influences end-use quality traits, particularly baking performance and the production of soft-textured wheat-based products. Furthermore, the study highlights the advantage of molecular marker analysis, for the accurate and efficient identification of grain quality attributes. Such a strategy provides reliable selection indices for wheat breeding programs, enabling the development of cultivars with enhanced processing performance, improved end-use quality, and consumer-preferred traits. In conclusion, the findings demonstrate that molecular characterization using PCR-based markers represents a powerful and resource-efficient tool for advancing quality-oriented wheat improvement programs.