Nanotechnology in post-harvest management of ornamentals: Innovations beyond conventional preservatives

Nanotechnology has emerged as a promising tool in floriculture, offering innovative solutions for extending vase life and improving post-harvest quality of ornamental crops. Conventional preservatives such as sucrose, silver thiosulfate (STS), and germicides, although widely used, often exhibit limited efficacy, phytotoxicity, and environmental concerns. In contrast, nanoparticles including silver (AgNPs), zinc oxide (ZnO NPs), chitosan (ChNPs), copper oxide (CuO NPs), silicon dioxide (SiO₂ NPs), cerium oxide (CeO₂ NPs), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs)—demonstrate multifunctional properties such as antimicrobial activity, anti-ethylene effects, antioxidant capacity, and enhancement of water uptake. These attributes not only improve vase life and delay senescence but also reduce dependence on hazardous chemicals. This review highlights the mechanisms by which nanoparticles influence post-harvest physiology, compares their efficacy with conventional preservatives, and evaluates safety and environmental considerations. Furthermore, it discusses recent advances in green synthesis, multifunction nanoparticle development, and integration with omics technologies, underscoring their potential for sustainable applications in floriculture. Future research must address standardization, regulatory frameworks, and risk assessment to ensure safe and effective commercialization. Collectively, nanotechnology represents a paradigm shift in ornamental horticulture, offering eco-friendly and innovative alternatives for post-harvest management.