Study of heat units, growth and yield of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) under different environments

The experiment was laid out in split plot design with 12 treatments, having different combinations of three Date of sowing i.e D₁= 20 October, D₂=5 November, D₃= 20 November and Row spacing i.e S₁=15cm, S₂=22.5cm, S₃= 30 cm and S₄=22.5cm bi-directional, replicated three times on sandy loam soil at Amritsar. From pooled data of rabi season 2022-23and 2023-24. It was observed that a significant increase in all growth characters, yield contributing characters, straw yield, grain yield was recorded with 5^th November date of sowing of barley but remains at par with 20^th October. On the other hand, it was found a significant increase in growth characters with S₁=15cm while yield contributing characters except tiller count, straw yield and grain yield was found to be significantly higher with Spacing of 22.5cm bi-directional. Further, it has been found that from farmer point of view, sowing of barley with bi-directional spacing gives better yield, which is evident from superior B:C ratio. D1 (20^th Oct) treatment indicated more heat load than other treatment of date of sowing D2 (5^th Nov) and D3 (20^th Nov).