Evaluating phenotypic traits of Butea monosperma for conservation and improvement in chhindwara

This study aimed to evaluate the phenotypic variability of Butea monosperma trees in Chhindwara district, Madhya Pradesh, to identify superior genotypes for breeding and conservation programs. A total of 10 mature trees were selected based on their phenotypic traits, including tree height, girth at breast height (GBH), crown spread, flowering intensity, and fruit yield. Descriptive statistical analysis revealed moderate variation in tree height (12.73±0.79 m) and GBH (105.4±3.72 cm), indicating genetic stability in these traits. However, crown spread (9.37±0.34 m), flowering intensity (mean score of 3.3), and fruit yield (27.1±2.96 kg/tree) exhibited higher variability, suggesting potential for selection in breeding programs aimed at improving reproductive traits. The findings highlight the importance of phenotypic variability in selecting superior genotypes for improving Butea monosperma productivity and its ecological role in agroforestry systems. Future research should expand the sampling size and include additional traits, such as wood quality and pest resistance, to enhance the effectiveness of breeding and conservation efforts.