ty and traits associations in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes: A review

Wheat (Triticum aestivum) is India’s most important winter cereal crop, typically cultivated from November to mid-April. The varieties grown are predominantly spring-type bread wheat (T. aestivum). Genetic diversity is crucial in plant breeding, enabling the exploitation of heterosis and the development of high-performing recombinants. Selecting appropriate parents is vital for any breeding program, making it essential to understand the genetic diversity and relationships within the germplasm. A narrowed genetic base increases vulnerability to diseases and climatic stresses. Therefore, detailed insights into the extent and pattern of genetic diversity in wheat from major growing regions are key to identifying suitable parents for breeding superior cultivars. Utilizing diverse genotypes from existing germplasm is fundamental for the genetic improvement of wheat.