2025, Vol. 8, Issue 6, Part E

author(s)
Pratyusha Dhal, Ravi Prakash Meena and Durgesh Saini

abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum), known as one of the most crucial cereal grains on a global scale, occupies a significant role in the assurance of food security internationally, thereby rendering the augmentation of its productivity an essential aim within agricultural research endeavors. This investigation aims to elucidate the impacts of CuO and FeO nanoparticles on the mechanisms of photosynthesis and stomatal frequency in wheat specimens, highlighting a thorough comprehension of their physiological and morphological consequences. Copper and iron nanoparticles were administered at two distinct concentrations: FeO at 25 µM and 500 µM, and CuO at 15 µM and 100 µM.The results revealed a concentration-dependent effect on plant performance. At lower concentrations, both nanoparticles significantly improved plant morphology, as reflected by increased root and shoot length, enhanced photosynthetic rates, higher stomatal frequency, and elevated protein content. These enhancements suggest that appropriately dosed nanoparticles can positively modulate key physiological and biochemical processes. On the other hand, higher concentrations of CuO and FeO nanoparticles induced oxidatice stress, resulting in stunted growth, reduced photosynthetic efficiency, and decreased stomatal frequency. These outcomes tell us the dual nature of nanoparticles at different concentrations and the importance of proper dosage of nanoparticles to maximize the benefits.