Microbial biofertilizers in sericulture: A path to soil health and superior quality silk

Biofertilizers have emerged as a pivotal solution for enhancing sustainable agricultural productivity while reducing dependence on synthetic inputs. These biologically active inputs, composed of beneficial microorganisms such as nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate- and potassium-solubilizing microbes, and mycorrhizal fungi, play an essential role in soil fertility enhancement, nutrient cycling, and plant growth stimulation. In sericulture, for silkworm rearing, biofertilizers have demonstrated significant benefits by improving leaf quality, increasing shoot and leaf yield, and enriching nutrient profiles critical for silkworm development. Their use reduces environmental pollution, restores soil health, and supports economically viable practices for small and marginal farmers. Despite their advantages, challenges such as microbial viability, environmental sensitivity, limited shelf life, and inconsistent field performance remain barriers to widespread adoption. Addressing these constraints through research on microbial consortia, encapsulation technologies, and integrated nutrient management is essential. Future strategies must include region-specific applications, robust regulatory frameworks, and farmer training programs. With concerted efforts, biofertilizers can become a cornerstone of sustainable sericulture and broader ecological agriculture systems.