A comprehensive review of genomics assisted breeding and mutation strategies for Yellow Vein Mosaic Virus resistance in mung bean

Mung bean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) is a vital pulse crop recognized for its nutritional value and short growing season, particularly important in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. However, its productivity is severely hindered by Yellow Vein Mosaic Virus (YMV), a disease primarily transmitted by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci, causing significant yield losses up to 100%. This review provides a detailed synthesis of the biology, epidemiology, and economic impact of YMV, along with an exploration of resistance breeding strategies. It highlights the integration of genomics-assisted tools such as molecular markers (SSR, RAPD, SCAR, SNPs), QTL mapping, and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for marker-assisted selection (MAS) in breeding programs. The emergence of CRISPR/Cas gene editing and mutation breeding (gamma rays, EMS) has further enabled the development of resistant cultivars by generating functional genetic variability. Additionally, the review discusses innovative screening approaches, the use of core germplasm panels, reverse genetics tools like TILLING/Eco-TILLING, and the importance of combining artificial and molecular diagnostics for accurate resistance evaluation. Despite ongoing challenges such as emerging viral strains and environmental constraints-this integrative approach offers a sustainable roadmap for combating YMV in mungbean, ensuring food and nutritional security in vulnerable regions.