Bananas (Musa paradisiaca L.) are a vital global crop, underpinning food security, nutrition, and economic stability across tropical and subtropical regions. Their growth hinges on a delicate balance of macronutrients and micronutrients, which orchestrate photosynthesis, enzymatic activity, and stress resilience. Micronutrients—iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), boron (B), molybdenum (Mo), and chlorine (Cl)—though required in trace amounts, are indispensable for plant vigor, fruit development, and disease resistance. Deficiencies lead to stunted growth, poor fruit quality, and yield losses, necessitating innovative management strategies. Recent research highlights the urgency of micronutrient optimization amid climate variability, soil degradation, and intensified farming. Nano-fertilizers (e.g., nano-zinc oxide boosting yields by 18%, Patel et al., 2024), microbial consortia (e.g., AMF enhancing boron uptake by 25%, Kumar and Sharma, 2023), precision agriculture, and biofortification are revolutionizing cultivation. Soil and foliar applications enhance yield, fruit size, and shelf life, while organic amendments and microbial inoculants improve nutrient bioavailability and soil fertility. With global banana demand surging, sustainable strategies integrating biotechnology (e.g., CRISPR-edited cultivars), AI-driven precision, and farmer education are critical for balancing productivity with ecological health. This review synthesizes the physiological roles of micronutrients, their deficiency impacts, and cutting-edge management techniques, providing a holistic framework for sustainable banana production.
