Crop residue management (CRM) is a pivotal component of modern agricultural systems, influencing both agricultural sustainability and environmental health. Crop residues, the byproducts of crop production, can either serve as a resource for enhancing soil health and productivity or become a source of environmental pollution if mismanaged. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of the challenges and opportunities associated with CRM, focusing on its impact on soil fertility, greenhouse gas emissions, air quality, and biodiversity. It evaluates various CRM practices, including residue retention, incorporation, mulching, composting, and bioenergy production, and discusses their implications for sustainable agriculture. The paper concludes with recommendations for integrated CRM strategies that balance agricultural productivity with environmental conservation, supported by a comprehensive review of recent literature.
