Genetic variability and line × tester analysis of agronomic and nutritional traits in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)

Genetic variability and heritability estimates are essential for identifying promising genotypes and designing effective breeding programs in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench). The present study was conducted to evaluate the extent of genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance, and the nature of gene action governing agronomic and nutritional traits using a line × tester mating design. Ten lines and five testers were crossed to generate fifty F₁ hybrids, which were evaluated along with their parents under four environments at the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, AKS University, Satna (M.P.). Analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among parents and crosses for all traits, indicating substantial genetic variability in the experimental material. High genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation were observed for fruit yield per plant (12509.48 & 2535.96), total number of fruit per plant (38.48 & 38.95), and Plant height (34.20 & 34.80), suggesting ample scope for selection. High heritability combined with high genetic advance as percent of mean was recorded for Number of Branches per plant (97.69 & 25.10), Internodal length (99.42 &24.00) and Fruit Girth (99.33 & 42.82), implying predominance of additive gene action. Line × tester analysis revealed significant general and specific combining ability effects, indicating the importance of both additive and non-additive gene effects in the inheritance of yield and nutritional components. The study demonstrates the existence of substantial genetic variability and useful heterosis that can be utilized for developing high-yielding and nutrient-rich okra hybrids. Overall, the results provide insights into trait interrelationships and the genetic basis for simultaneous improvement of yield and nutritional quality in okra breeding programs.