Integrated multivariate dissection of genetic variability, trait interrelationships and path effects on grain yield in rice

The present investigation was conducted to assess the extent of genetic variability, associations, and interrelationships among thirty-three rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes for yield and related traits under field conditions. Considerable differences have been identified among genotypes for all parameters, supporting the presence of significant genetic variability. Traits such as biological yield, harvest index, and grain yield per hill exhibited high coefficients of variation, high heritability and high genetic advance, indicating predominance of additive gene action and potential for effective selection. Grain yield displayed an efficient and positive correlation with biological yield, harvest index, and the number of panicles per hill. Harvest index and test weight were identified as the most important traits exerting strong direct effects on yield, while other traits contributed indirectly. The integrated analysis of variability, correlation, and path effects provides a strong basis for identifying key selection indices and formulating efficient breeding strategies for enhancing rice productivity.