Effect of bio-stimulants and bio-pesticides on growth, yield and quality of radish (Raphanus sativus L.)

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of bio-stimulants and bio-pesticides on the growth, yield, and quality of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) under Malwa conditions. Various treatments comprising different combinations of bio-stimulants and bio-pesticides were applied. Parameters such as plant height, number of leaves, root length, root diameter, and yield were recorded. The treatment T₆ (Humic acid@1.5ml/L + Azotobacter@3g/L) showed the most significant improvement in growth and yield parameters. However, the T₀ (Control) observed minimum as compare to other treatments. The study confirms the potential of integrated use of bio-stimulants and bio-pesticides to enhance radish production sustainably.