Assessing environmental issues and possible remedies for the burning of crop residue in Northern India

The burning of crop residues, particularly in Northern India, has emerged as a significant environmental concern, contributing to air pollution, soil degradation, and greenhouse gas emissions. This practice, prevalent due to rapid mechanized harvesting, adversely impacts soil quality by depleting organic matter, reducing microbial activity, and diminishing nutrient availability. Moreover, it exacerbates air quality issues, contributing to smog formation and public health hazards. This review assesses the environmental challenges posed by crop residue burning and explores potential remedies, including in situ residue management, composting, and microbial interventions. In situ methods, such as mulching and incorporation into the soil, promote soil health by improving nutrient cycling and enhancing the microbial community. Recent data emphasize the effectiveness of adopting these sustainable practices, with promising results in reducing carbon emissions and improving soil fertility. The adoption of eco-friendly alternatives is essential for mitigating the adverse effects of residue burning, ultimately leading to improved environmental sustainability and agricultural productivity.