Assessment of organic & biofertilizer with sulphur on growth and yield of Maize by residual effect in maize - wheat cropping system: A review

Organic and biofertilizers, combined with sulphur, on the growth and yield of maize, focusing on their residual effects within a maize-wheat cropping system. Maize and wheat are critical crops in rotation systems aimed at optimizing soil fertility and agricultural productivity. Organic fertilizers, including compost and manure, and biofertilizers, such as nitrogen-fixing bacteria and phosphorus-solubilizing fungi, are recognized for enhancing soil health and crop performance. Sulfur, a vital nutrient for plant growth, complements these inputs by correcting deficiencies and improving nutrient uptake. The review highlights that organic and biofertilizers generally promote better maize growth parameters - such as increased germination, plant height, and root development and improve yield by enhancing soil fertility and microbial activity. Sulphur's role is crucial in correcting deficiencies and supporting maize productivity. Residual effects from these inputs positively impact subsequent crops, including wheat, by maintaining or improving soil nutrient status and overall health. Integrating organic and biofertilizers with sulphur not only boosts maize yield but also contributes to sustainable farming practices by reducing reliance on synthetic fertilizers and promoting long-term soil fertility. The findings underscore the importance of balanced nutrient management and ongoing soil monitoring to maximize the benefits of these inputs. Future research should focus on optimizing fertilizer combinations and rates to enhance residual effects and ensure economic and environmental sustainability in maize-wheat cropping systems.