2024, Vol. 7, Issue 9, Part A

author(s)
P Nagaseshi Reddy, C Mounika, Suman Kashyap, Morajdhwaj Chandravanshi, Meka Shivaram Reddy and Babu Lal Raigar

abstract
Optimizing nutrient use efficiency (NUE) is a cornerstone of sustainable agriculture, particularly in response to the growing global demand for food, fuel, and fibre. NUE reflects the capacity of plants to efficiently acquire and utilize nutrients, thereby maximizing yields and minimizing negative environmental impacts such as nutrient leaching and water pollution. Biofilms—complex microbial communities encased within a self-produced extracellular matrix—have gained attention for their potential to enhance NUE by improving nutrient cycling and fostering beneficial plant-microbe interactions. This review delves into the role of biofilms in agriculture, with a particular focus on biofilms biofertilizers. Studies indicate that the combined application of biofilms biofertilizers with chemical fertilizers can significantly increase soil organic carbon levels and reduce leaf transpiration, while also enhancing plant growth, rhizoremediation, and soil moisture retention. Additionally, biofilms microbial inoculations have been shown to improve the agronomic efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus, offering a more effective and profitable alternative to conventional fertilization practices. The superior performance of biofilms biofertilizers and rhizobacteria over traditional mono- or mixed microbial cultures underscores their potential to rejuvenate nutrient-depleted soils and promote sustainable agricultural practices. This review highlights the promise of biofilms as innovative tools for boosting nutrient use efficiency, improving soil health, and advancing the sustainability of modern agriculture.