2024, Vol. 7, Issue 8, Part I

author(s)
Ravi Gautam, Sandeep, Reetika, Praveen K Singh, Luxmi Sharma and Yugvinder Goyat

abstract
Agricultural production systems are extremely susceptible to changes in terrain, soil, and climate in various geographic locations. These factors must be examined spatiotemporally in order to ensure sustainable agriculture management. An innovative strategy for sustainable agriculture is represented by precision farming, which combines GIS, GPS receivers, continuous yield sensors, geo-statistics, and variable rate applicators. Information technology-based precision agriculture allows farmers to gather information for improved decision-making, reducing some of the inherent risks and variables in agriculture. The success of precision farming systems depends on integrating these technologies into a single farm-operable system. In the 1970s, GIS—a comprehensive application system created over the past 50 years and acknowledged as the third generation language of geography—started to be utilized globally in the field of agriculture. Since the 1990s, its use has broadened from surveys and assessments of land resources to in-depth and extensive management analysis of data related to agricultural resources. Assessing and managing these variables is greatly aided by advanced technology like geographical information systems (GIS), remote sensing (RS), and global positioning systems (GPS). In order to make tactical decisions about food security, import/export, and economic impacts, producers, managers, and policy planners need access to timely and accurate information on crop acreage, growth conditions, and yield estimation. Remote sensing and GIS techniques are useful for obtaining such regional information. GIS is important for agriculture on many levels, from local to global, and it has a big impact on site-specific or precision farming. This approach aims to optimize farm returns and minimize chemical inputs and environmental hazards by directing the application of seeds, fertilizers, pesticides and water within fields. Remote sensing and GIS are effective tools for generating essential information such as mapping agriculture crop areas, identifying potential cultivation zones and determining suitable locations for infrastructure development. Mapping natural resources at both the macro and micro levels has shown the value of these technologies. Using GPS devices whether built into smartphones or handheld devices allows for precise field mapping providing farmers with site-specific solutions. With applications in spatial decision support systems (SDSS), crop simulation models, yield estimate, food security analysis, pest management, livestock mapping, and potential site identification, GIS and remote sensing are being used in agriculture at a rapid pace.