2024, Vol. 7, Issue 7, Part J

author(s)
Ravindra M Muchhadiya, BS Gohil, Venkanna Yadahalli, Atheek Ur Rehaman HM, Ayesha Siddiqua, Arshad Khayum, Himanshu Sekhar Behera and Sanjeev Kumar

abstract
Feeding the world's rapidly expanding population, projected to surpass 9 billion by 2050, poses a monumental challenge that demands innovative agronomic solutions. As arable land becomes increasingly scarce and climate change impacts intensify, traditional agricultural practices alone cannot meet the escalating food demand. Agronomic innovations, therefore, are essential to sustainably increase food production, enhance resource efficiency, and mitigate environmental impact. Precision farming stands at the forefront of these innovations, utilizing advanced technologies such as GPS, remote sensing, and data analytics to optimize field-level management. This approach allows farmers to apply inputs like water, fertilizers, and pesticides with pinpoint accuracy, reducing waste and improving crop yields. The adoption of precision agriculture not only boosts productivity but also promotes environmental stewardship by minimizing runoff and preserving soil health. Another critical innovation is the development of genetically modified (GM) crops, which are engineered to exhibit desirable traits such as pest resistance, drought tolerance, and enhanced nutritional content. These crops can thrive in adverse conditions, thereby ensuring stable food supplies in the face of climate variability. Biotechnology advancements have also led to the creation of biofortified crops, which address micronutrient deficiencies prevalent in developing countries, improving public health alongside agricultural productivity. Advanced irrigation techniques, such as drip and sprinkler systems, further contribute to efficient water use in agriculture. These methods deliver water directly to the plant roots, reducing evaporation losses and ensuring that crops receive the precise amount of moisture needed for optimal growth. This innovation is particularly vital in arid and semi-arid regions, where water scarcity poses a significant constraint on agricultural output. Integrated pest management (IPM) represents another agronomic advancement, combining biological, cultural, and chemical practices to control pest populations in an environmentally friendly manner. By promoting the use of natural predators and resistant crop varieties, IPM reduces reliance on synthetic pesticides, thereby decreasing the risk of environmental contamination and pesticide resistance.