Impact of nano-silica foliar application on growth and yield parameters in sweetcorn (Zea mays L. saccharata)

Field experiment was conducted to assess the impact of foliar application of nano-silica on the growth and yield of sweetcorn (Zea mays L., saccharata) during the 2022-23 rabi season at the Eastern Block Farm, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore. The study was designed using a factorial randomized block design with three replications, encompassing two primary factors: the growth stages of sweetcorn and the concentrations of nano-silica. Control plots with no nano-silica application were maintained in each block for comparison. Results indicated that at 30 DAS, the tallest plants were observed when nano-silica was applied during the vegetative stage (S₁) at a concentration of 500 ppm (C₅), although these differences were not statistically significant. By 60 DAS and at harvest, the greatest plant height was achieved during the tassel initiation stage (S₂) with 500 ppm (C₅), showing significant results. Stem girth followed a similar trend, with the highest values observed at S₁ and a significant improvement at 500 ppm (C₅). The Leaf Area Index (LAI) was higher at S₁ with 500 ppm (C₅) at 30 DAS but peaked at S₂ with 500 ppm (C₅) at 60 DAS and harvest. The Crop Growth Rate (CGR) was highest during 30-60 DAS at S₂ and 500 ppm (C₅), with comparable values at 300 ppm (C₃) and 400 ppm (C₄). Dry matter production peaked at 30 DAS at S₁ and 500 ppm (C₅), though differences were not statistically significant. At 60 DAS, S₂ exhibited the highest dry matter production, with 500 ppm (C₅) being the most effective treatment. Regarding yield, the highest green cob yield during rabi 2022-23 was observed with foliar application at S₂ (21.97 t ha^-1) and C₅ (22.08 t ha^-1), with C₄ also showing a substantial yield (21.58 t ha^-1). Green stover yield was highest at S₂ (26.13 t ha^-1) and C₅ (25.98 t ha^-1) during rabi 2022-23. The study concludes that foliar application of nano-silica, particularly at the tassel initiation stage and at a concentration of 500 ppm, significantly enhances the growth and yield attributes of sweetcorn.