2024, Vol. 7, Issue 4, Part A

An experiment was conducted in the field at Integral University in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh rabi season 2020 and India to study the Understanding the variability effect of bio-fertilizer on microbial consortium of soil & physical character of wheat (Tritium aestivum).

The study utilized a randomized block design with three replications to investigate the effects of different permissible hand weeding timings at 25 and 45 days after transplanting (DAT) on rice (Oryza sativa L.). The result revealed that application of (100% more than RDF) significantly increase the plant height (88.8 and 108.6 cm), no. of tillers (206.8 cm)) and Dry matter accumulation (1170.2 DMA (kg^-1) at). The identical approach also demonstrated its effectiveness in enhancing the yield and various parameters related to yield, such as Spike length (10.4), number of grains per spike (40.6), test weight (39.06 g), grain yield (2.17 t ha^-1), straw yield (67.52 t ha^-1), Harvest index (49.5%). Thus application of hand weeding at 25 and 45 DAT helped in increase in yield over control. However, application (100% more than RDF) significantly increase gross return (₹104630) net returns (₹74232) and benefit: cost ratio (2.44). These results indicate that (100% more than RDF).