2024, Vol. 7, Issue 3, Part F

Trace minerals, often known as micronutrients, plays a vital role in the development and growth of plants, even though they are required in very small amounts. Crucial micronutrients include iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), boron (B), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), and chlorine (Cl), which are key for the health of plants. These elements are fundamental to various plant physiological processes, such as chlorophyll formation, stress response, and the synthesis of proteins, nucleic acids, and gene expression. The impact of these micronutrients on the fertility of soil and the productivity of crops, particularly in Indian agriculture, is substantial, encompassing elements like zinc, iron, manganese, copper, boron, and molybdenum. Indian soil, however, often lacks these essential micronutrients, which poses a hurdle for agricultural productivity.

In the realm of Indian agriculture, turmeric farming stands out as a significant sector that is heavily dependent on micronutrients for achieving the best possible output and quality. Specifically, deficiencies in iron and zinc have been linked to reduced yields of turmeric rhizomes and lower levels of curcumin. As the top producer and exporter of turmeric, India prides itself on the superior quality of its turmeric, which is highly regarded for its curcumin content used widely in food and medicine across the world.

This document delves into experimental findings from studies conducted under various climatic conditions and soil types both in India and abroad, examining the effects of micronutrient supplementation through soil and foliar applications. The findings indicate a significant positive impact of micronutrient supplementation on both the yield and quality of turmeric rhizomes. Applying micronutrients increases the concentration of curcumin, boosts the yield of essential oils, and raises the antioxidant activity in turmeric. By applying nutrients directly to the soil, plants can absorb them more effectively, leading to an increased yield of rhizomes. On the other hand, foliar applications improve the absorption and assimilation of nutrients, boosting levels of curcumin and antioxidant properties.

For example, administering zinc and iron has been associated with higher levels of curcumin in turmeric rhizomes, thus elevating their medicinal qualities. Additionally, treatments with micronutrients have been found to increase the production of essential oils in turmeric, enhancing its fragrance. Moreover, the increase in antioxidant activity from micronutrient supplementation bolsters the therapeutic benefits of turmeric products.

In conclusion, the strategic management of micronutrients, through both soil and foliar applications, offers a promising approach to improve the efficiency of turmeric cultivation. This strategy maximizes yield and quality, crucial for its commercial and medicinal applications.