2024, Vol. 7, Issue 12, Part J

author(s)
TH Sunita Devi, Himanshu Sekhar Behera, Arigala Madhu, Samreen, Shivani Chaudhary, Sanjay Koushal and P Reddypriya

abstract
Plant-parasitic nematodes are a significant threat to global agriculture, causing billions of dollars in crop losses annually. These microscopic roundworms primarily target plant roots, impairing nutrient and water uptake, and often act as vectors for plant pathogens, compounding damage. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) has emerged as an effective and sustainable strategy for managing nematode infestations, emphasizing prevention, monitoring, and environmentally conscious control methods. This review explores the ecological behavior, life cycles, and economic impact of major nematode species, including root-knot, cyst, and lesion nematodes. Key IPM principles such as crop rotation, use of resistant plant varieties, sanitation practices, and biological controls are discussed in detail. Additionally, physical methods like soil solarization, steam sterilization, and flooding are evaluated for their effectiveness and limitations. Monitoring techniques, including soil sampling, plant inspections, and advanced remote sensing technologies, are highlighted for their role in early detection and decision-making. Economic thresholds are examined to guide intervention strategies, ensuring pest management measures are applied only when necessary. Recent advancements in precision agriculture and biocontrol agents demonstrate the evolving landscape of nematode management. While challenges remain in adoption, including costs and farmer awareness, the integration of IPM strategies offers a holistic approach to safeguarding crop yields and promoting sustainability. This review serves as a comprehensive resource for researchers, extension workers, and farmers seeking practical and innovative solutions for nematode management within sustainable agricultural systems.