Design and implementation of an IoT based smart irrigation system for efficient water management and sustainable agriculture

The proposed system integrates embedded systems, cloud computing, telemetry data, and real-time sensor networks to monitor critical environmental parameters such as soil moisture, temperature, humidity, and water level. Utilizing a layered architecture comprising IoT sensing devices, the Things Board cloud platform, and a user-centric dashboard the system ensures seamless data acquisition, remote control, and real-time analytics. A microcontroller processes sensor data to autonomously control irrigation, while calibrated sensor mapping ensures data accuracy. The system also features an e-mail notification module to alert users of abnormal field conditions, supporting timely intervention and efficient farm management. Experimental deployment demonstrates improved irrigation efficiency, reduced water usage, and enhanced crop monitoring, contributing to more sustainable and resilient agricultural practices. By leveraging IoT technologies, smart algorithms, and cloud-based communication protocols, this system addresses both small-and large-scale farming needs and promotes food and water security in a rapidly changing global environment.